ÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀÊÇÖ¸½«ÓªÑøËØ£¨ÈçάÉúËØ¡¢¿óÎïÖÊ¡¢ÂÑ°×Öʵȣ©´ÓÍâ½çÎüÊÕ²¢ÔËË͵½Ï¸°ûÄÚ£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÒÔÖª×ãÉíÌåµÄÓªÑøÐèÇ󡣡£¡£ÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ¿Ú·þ¡¢¿ÚǻճĤ¡¢×¢ÉäµÈ£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ã¿ÖÖ·½·¨¶¼ÓÐÆäÌض¨µÄÓÅÊƺÍÊÊÓó¡¾°¡£¡£¡£

   ÔÚ¿Ú·þ·½·¨ÖУ¬£¬£¬
£¬ÓªÑøËØ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý賦µÀ±»ÎüÊÕ£¬£¬£¬
£¬È»ºó½øÈëѪҺѭ»·£¬£¬£¬
£¬±»ÔËË͵½ÉíÌå¸÷¸ö²¿Î»¡£¡£¡£¶ø¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤ÎüÊÕͨµÀÊÇÒ»ÖÖͨ¹ý¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤Ñ¸ËÙÎüÊÕÓªÑøËصķ½·¨£¬£¬£¬
£¬×èÖ¹ÁËθËáµÈÒòËصÄÓ°Ï죬£¬£¬
£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¸ü¿ìµÄЧ¹û¡£¡£¡£

   ×¢ÉäÊÇÁíÒ»ÖÖÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀ£¬£¬£¬
£¬Í¨¹ý½«ÓªÑøËØÖ±½Ó×¢ÈëÌåÄÚ£¬£¬£¬
£¬¿ÉÒÔÈƹý賦µÀµÄÎüÊÕÀú³Ì£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ö±½Ó½øÈëѪҺѭ»·£¬£¬£¬
£¬¾ßÓиü¸ßµÄÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£¡£¡£ÕâÖÖ·½·¨³£ÓÃÓÚÐèҪѸËÙÔö²¹´ó×ÚÓªÑøËصÄÇéÐΡ£¡£¡£

   ×ÜÖ®£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀÊǽ«ÓªÑøÎïÖÊ´ÓÍâ½çת´ïµ½ÌåÄÚϸ°ûµÄ;¾¶£¬£¬£¬
£¬²î±ðµÄͨµÀ·½·¨ÊÊÓÃÓÚ²î±ðµÄÇéÐκÍÐèÇ󡣡£¡£

×÷Éõ¿ÚǻճĤµÝËÍͨµÀ

   ¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍͨµÀÊÇÒ»ÖÖÁ¢ÒìµÄÒªÁ죬£¬£¬
£¬ÓÃÓÚ½«ÓªÑøËغÍÆäËûÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊת´ïµ½ÈËÌåÄÚ£¬£¬£¬
£¬Í¨¹ý¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÄÎüÊÕÀ´ÊµÏÖ¿ìËÙ¶øÓÐÓõÄÎüÊÕºÍת´ï¡£¡£¡£Õâһת´ï;¾¶Ö÷Òª·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÉàϵÝËͺͼÕĤµÝËÍ¡£¡£¡£

   ÉàϵÝËÍÊǽ«ÓªÑøËØ»òÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊÖ±½Ó°²ÅÅÔÚÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤Ï£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ê¹Æäͨ¹ýð¤Ä¤½øÈëѪҺѭ»·¡£¡£¡£ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤¸»ºñµÄѪ¹ÜÍøÂçºÍëϸѪ¹Ü¿ÉÒÔÔö½øÎïÖʵĿìËÙÎüÊÕ£¬£¬£¬
£¬Èƹý賦µÀµÄÏû»¯ºÍ´úл£¬£¬£¬
£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¸ü¸ßµÄÉúÎïʹÓÃÂʺ͸ü¿ìµÄЧ¹û¡£¡£¡£

   ¼ÕĤµÝËÍÊǽ«ÎïÖÊ°²ÅÅÔÚ¼Õ²¿ÄÚ²àð¤Ä¤ÉÏ£¬£¬£¬
£¬Í¨¹ý¼Õð¤Ä¤µÄÎüÊÕ½øÈëÑ­»·ÏµÍ³¡£¡£¡£ÕâÖÖ·½·¨Ò²Äܹ»×èÖ¹ÎïÖÊÔÚ賦µÀÖеĽµ½âºÍ´úл£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ìá¸ßÆäÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£¡£¡£

   ÕâЩ¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍͨµÀÔÚÓªÑøÔö²¹ºÍ±£½¡·½Ãæ¾ßÓÐDZÔÚÓ¦Óᣡ£¡£Í¨¹ýÕâЩ;¾¶£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÈËÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¸üÓÐÓõػñÈ¡ËùÐèµÄÓªÑøËغÍÉúÎï»îÐÔÒòËØ£¬£¬£¬
£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¸üºÃµÄ¿µ½¡ºÍÉúÑÄÖÊÁ¿¡£¡£¡£È»¶ø£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ñ¡ÔñºÏÊʵĵÝËÍ·½·¨ÐèҪ˼Á¿ÎïÖʵÄÌØÕ÷¡¢Ä¿µÄЧ¹ûºÍ¸öÌå²î±ð¡£¡£¡£Ëæ×ÅÑо¿µÄÒ»Ö±ÉîÈ룬£¬£¬
£¬¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍͨµÀÓÐÍûÔÚÓªÑøÔö²¹ÁìÓòÊ©Õ¹Ô½À´Ô½Ö÷ÒªµÄ×÷Óᣡ£¡£

ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤ºÍ¼Õð¤Ä¤Ö®¼äµÄÉø͸²î±ð

   ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤ºÍ¼ÕĤ֮¼äµÄÆʽâºÍÉø͸ÐÔ²î±ðÐèÒª²î±ðµÄµÝËÍͨµÀÉè¼Æ¡£¡£¡£ÓÉÓÚÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤¾ßÓиßÉø͸ÐԺ͸»ºñµÄѪҺ¹©Ó¦£¬£¬£¬
£¬Òò´ËËüÄܹ»¿ìËÙÎüÊÕ£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ñ¸ËÙ±¬·¢×÷Ó㬣¬£¬
£¬²¢¾ßÓнϸߵÄÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£¡£¡£ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤×îÊʺÏʹÓÃС¿ÅÁ£µÄµÝËÍͨµÀ£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÔÚ¶Ìʱ¼äÄÚÒÔ¸ßŨ¶ÈÌṩ»¯ºÏÎï¡£¡£¡£ÄÉÃ×¼¶£¨½éÓÚ20µ½200ÒÚ·ÖÖ®Ò»Ã×Ö®¼ä£©µÄ¹ÌÌåÖ¬ÖʺÍÒºµÎÖ¬ÖÊÄÉÃ×Çò¾ßÓÐÀíÏëµÄ×é³ÉºÍ·Ö×ӽṹ£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÊÊÓÃÓÚÉàϵÝËÍͨµÀ¡£¡£¡£

   ¼ÕĤµÄÉø͸ÐÔÏÔ×ŵÍÓÚÉàÏÂÇøÓò£¬£¬£¬
£¬²»¾ß±¸ÉàϵÝË͵ĿìËÙÎüÊÕºÍÓÅÔ½ÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£¡£¡£ÔÚ¶àÏî½ÏÁ¿Ñо¿ÖУ¬£¬£¬
£¬ÉàϵÝËÍЧ¹û±È¼ÕĤµÝË͸üΪÓÐÓᣡ£¡£

×÷ÉõÄÉÃ×Çò

   Í¨¹ý¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍÓªÑøÔö²¹¼ÁºÍ±£½¡Æ·µÄ½â¾ö¼Æ»®ÔÚÓÚ½«ÉúÎﻯºÏÎï·â×°µ½¸ßÉø͸ÐÔµÄÖ¬ÖÊÄÉÃ×ÇòÖС£¡£¡£ÕâЩÄÉÃ×Çò¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýµÎ¹ÜÇáËɵØͶ·Åµ½¿ÚÇ»µÄÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÒÔ±ã¿ìËÙ±»ÎüÊÕ½øÈëÑ­»·ÏµÍ³¡£¡£¡£

1.ÄÉÃ×ÇòµÄ»ù´¡£¡£¡£ºÄÉÃ×ÇòÊÇÓÉÇå¾²µÄÁ×Ö¬¡¢Ö¬·¾ËáºÍÍâò»îÐÔ¼Á×é³ÉµÄ£¬£¬£¬
£¬¾ßÓиßÉø͸ÐԺͱ£»£»£»£»¤ÐÔ¡£¡£¡£Æä½¹µã×é³ÉÎïÖÊÁ×Ö¬õ£µ¨¼î·ÖÊý´¿¶ÈÁè¼Ý60%£¬£¬£¬
£¬¿É¶¯Ì¬µØ±£»£»£»£»¤Ëù·â×°µÄÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊ¡£¡£¡£ÕâЩÄÉÃ×ÇòÓëÉúÎïĤºÍÖ¬ÂÑ°×µÄÖ÷ÒªÒòËØÏàͬ£¬£¬£¬
£¬¶Ôϸ°ûĤ¸ß¶ÈÉø͸£¬£¬£¬
£¬Äܹ»ÓÐÓõطâ×°ÖÖÖÖÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊ£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÊµÏÖ¿ìËٵĿÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤×ª´ï¡£¡£¡£

2.ÑÇ΢Ã×ÒþÐÎÇòÌ壺ÄÉÃ×ÇòµÄ³ß´ç¶ÔÆäЧ¹ûÖÁ¹ØÖ÷Òª£¬£¬£¬
£¬Ö±¾¶ÔÚ20ÄÉÃ×µ½200ÄÉÃ×Ö®¼äµÄÄÉÃ×ÇòÑ­»·Ê±¼ä½Ï³¤¡£¡£¡£¸üСµÄÄÉÃ×Çò¾ßÓÐÒþÉíÌØÕ÷£¬£¬£¬
£¬¿ÉÒÔ×èÖ¹ÃâÒßϵͳ¼ì²â²¢ÌṩÒþ²ØÔØÌå¡£¡£¡£ËüÃǵÄÄÉÃ׳ߴçʹÆäÄܹ»´©Ô½Ï¸°ûºÍĤÆÁÕÏ£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÉõÖÁ´©Ô½ÑªÄÔÆÁÕϽø×ÅÃÔ¾­ÏµÍ³ÇøÓò¡£¡£¡£ÄÉÃ×Çòת´ïϵͳ¾ßÓпìËÙÎüÊÕ¡¢Ìá¸ßÉúÎïʹÓöȡ¢¿ìËÙÊ©Õ¹×÷Óá¢Î¬³Ö¸ßѪ½¬Ë®Æ½ÒÔ¼°¸ÄÉÆÉúÎïЧӦµÈÓŵã¡£¡£¡£

   ÄÉÃ×ÇòÒѱ»Ö¤Êµ¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÓÅÊÆ£º

1.ͨ¹ý¾­ð¤Ä¤ÎüÊÕµÝËÍÀ´ÔöÌíÉúÎïʹÓöÈ

2.¸ü³¤ÆÚµÄѪҺˮƽ£¬£¬£¬
£¬¸ü¸ßµÄÉúÎïЧӦºÍÒ»Á¬Ê±¼ä¸ü³¤µÄÒæ´¦

3.¸ü¸ßЧµÄ·´Ó¦£¬£¬£¬
£¬ÔÊÐíïÔÌ­ÓÃÁ¿ºÍʹÓÃƵÂÊ

4.½«±»×è¸ôµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÔËÊä´©¹ýѪÄÔÆÁÕϲ¢½øÈëÄԽṹ

5.¸ÄÉÆÓû§±ãµ±ÐÔ£¨ïÔ̭ʹÓÃƵÂʺ͸üÈÝÒ××ñ´Ó£©

6.ÑÓÉìµÄÑ­»·°ëË¥ÆÚ£¨ÓëÒ©ÎïµÝË͸ººÉµÄÑо¿ÒѾ­Ö¤Êµ¿ÉÔöÌí100±¶£¬£¬£¬
£¬´Ó¶øÏÔÖøÌá¸ßЧÁ¦-×î¸ß¿É´ï500±¶£©

Reference£º

1.Shojaei, A. H., Chang, R. K., Guo, X., Burnside, B. A., & Couch, R. A. (2001). Systemic drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route. Pharmaceutical technology, 25(6), 70-81.

2.Harris, D., & Robinson, J. R. (1992). Drug delivery via the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(1), 1-10.

3.Washington, N., Washington, C., & Wilson, C. (2000). Physiological pharmaceutics: barriers to drug absorption. CRC Press.

4.Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2011 Jul 30;153(2):106-16.

5.Shojaei, A. H. (1998). Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci, 1(1), 15-30.

6.Hua, S. (2019). Advances in nanoparticulate drug delivery approaches for sublingual and buccal administration. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 1328.

7.Reza Mozafari, M., Johnson, C., Hatziantoniou, S., & Demetzos, C. (2008). Nanoliposomes and their applications in food nanotechnology. Journal of liposome research, 18(4), 309-327.